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Dispute over the appointment of Jan Lipavský as Minister of Foreign Affairs
Viktorinová, Anna ; Mlejnek, Josef (advisor) ; Brunclík, Miloš (referee)
The Bachelor thesis focuses on the dispute over the appointment of Jan Lipavský as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic between the President Miloš Zeman and the designated Prime Minister Petr Fiala in December 2021. This case is put into a context of similar previous events during the presidency of Václav Havel and Václav Klaus. The aim of this thesis is to examine the argumentation behind Zeman's previous rejections or objections to the nominated ministers. Also, it is focused on describing the main types of argumentations and the way in which the last case of rejection of the Czech Pirate Party nominee Lipavský responds to them. It is through both broader and narrower contexts that this thesis explores Zeman's justification for the refusal of this candidate. The research shows that Zeman's reasoning in this case mostly corresponds to the main types of his previous argumentations. This thesis also deals in detail with the process leading to the appointment of Jan Lipavský and the government of Petr Fiala. It includes both the professional political-science and constitutional-legal discussion, as well as the public discussion which arose from Zeman's refusal to appoint Lipavský and mostly disagreed with his move. Keywords President, Miloš Zeman, presidential powers, Prime Minister,...
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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Media reflection of minister Alois Rašín and his assassination in contemporary daily newspapers
Totušek, Jaroslav ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Končelík, Jakub (referee)
This masters disertation is focused on an important Czech politician Alois Rašín and his reflection in the period daily newspapers. The researched period is from October 1922 to February 1923. Three important events related to Rašín happened in that period - his second appointment as the minister of finances and his assassination. In the first chapter I write about Rašín as a person and politician. In the second chapter I focus on the political situation during the First republic and Rašín's uneasy relations to others. The third chapter is the research I do using the period daily newspapers. I epitomize my findings in the summary.
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Relationship senate and government
Nytra, Aleš ; Syllová, Jindřiška (advisor) ; Hřebejk, Jiří (referee)
This rigorous thesis devotes its attention to the relationship of the Senate and the Government. It describes the areas in which there is co-operation or a conflict, and outlines possible future adjustment of their mutual relations within the constitutional system. In this work it is suggested that even though the Senate does not have (as the Chamber of Deputies does) the opportunity to express confidence or no confidence in the Government, its relationship towards the Government is significant.
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Ancient-DNA analysis of teeth and skeletal remains with utilization of miniSTR loci.
Kvítková, Dana ; Brouček, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Dobisíková, Miluše (referee)
During the last twenty years, immense progress occurred in the area of analysis of DNA extracted from historical material. Considering the common level of preservation of tissue material, this analysis is usually executed on samples procured from bones and teeth. The analysis of soft mummified tissue is possible only in rare cases. Limiting factor of these analyses is a high degree of degradation and small amount of DNA extractable from this kind of material. First researches concentrated only on short sections of mainly mitochondrial DNA. Today, the analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of both contemporary and extinct organisms was made possible. In case of analyses conducted on human remains, sections of nuclear DNA are far more valuable, because they can reveal information including not only subject's sex, but also possible kinship between subjects found e.g. in the same grave. Fundamental component of the whole analysis is the process of extracting DNA from cells. Probably every laboratory working with historical DNA uses a differently modified extract protocol. The main requirement for methods of extraction is to secure enough DNA with such a level of purity that would allow its use for following steps of the analysis. Taking in consideration high fragmentation of DNA, it is necessary...
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STR genotyping of Czech medieval population: archeologocal site in Mlekojedy (Litoměřice)
Brynychová, Veronika ; Hájek, Martin (advisor) ; Šimková, Halina (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was the initial genetic analysis of early mediaeval burial site from Mlekojedy polycultural locality (Litoměřice District, Czech Republic). Autosomal STR markers were chosen because of the following reasons. The high degree of polymorphism of these markers and the high extent of heterozygosity favor the use of STRs instead of mitochondrial DNA for the structural analysis of small populations. Usefulness of STR typing for validation purposes was demonstrated many times before. We used primers for miniSTRs to obtain the fullest results. Nuclear DNA was extracted from 35 % of bone samples and 91 % of teeth. We detected lower PCR amplification success rate of fragments longer than 150 bp and very high rate of allele drop-out which is sign of degraded DNA. Twelve reliable genotypes were determined for TH01 marker. Observed allele frequency and genetic diversity values were discussed in comparison with recent populations and other aDNA studies of burial sites. Keywords: ancient DNA, STR markers, miniSTR, early medieval burial site, Czech population
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Commentary to the Changes of the Franch Constitution from 21st July 2008: Study 1.193
Pulda, Jan
Ústava francouzské Páté republiky byla přijata 4.října 1958 a od data svého přijetí byla osmnáctkrát novelizována. Poslední zásadní novelu se podařilo přijmout na Kongresu obou komor francouzského parlamentu dne 21.července 2008. Práce popisuje nejzásadnější ústavní změny ke kterým došlo po 21. červenci 2008: jde o novelu, která byla silně prosazována novým francouzským prezidentem Nicolasem Sarkozym s tím, že hlavním cílem návrhů jeho administrativy byla institucionálni modernizace Páté republiky. Prezident Sarkozy za tímto účelem zřídil komisi již v červenci 2007, tedy krátce poté co se ujal svého úřadu. Komise pro ústavní změny byla řízena Edouardem Balladurem, bývalým předsedou vlády, komise sestávala především z ústavních právníků a politiků. Výsledkem práce bylo popsaní nejdůležitějších posunů v pravomocích a změnách vztahů mezi prezidentem, parlamentem a vládou v paragrafovém znění spolu se stručným přehledem k samotnému projednávání a posléze přijetí ústavních změn. Dále pak práce hovoří o změnách v postavení opozice v parlamentu a změnách týkajících se legislativního procesu spolu s vlastním projednáváním zákonů.
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